Major industries
The manufactiring industry compromises a wide variety of production of goods, ranging from low tech and low labour skills for the process. There are many areas that requires intense and stunning technology to be achieve; examples include aeronautics, electronics, pharmaceutical, robotics.
- Automotive industry
- Electronics industry
- Aerospace industry
- Chemical industry
- Industrial robot industry
- Defense industry
- Telecommunications industry
- Low to medium tech industry
- Pulp and paper industry
- Steel industry
- Shipbuilding industry
- Food industry
- Textile industry
- The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to industry: Industry – refers to the production of an economic good or service5 KB (398 words) - 14:47, 10 November 2019
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- extraction industries. In these industries, the product (that is, the focus of production) is a natural resource. Agriculture (outline) – cultivation of animals11 KB (989 words) - 16:41, 11 November 2019
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- Nutrition (redirect from Outline of nutrition)Principles of Biochemistry (3rd ed.). New York: Worth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-57259-153-0. Corbridge, D.E.C. (1995). Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry91 KB (10,627 words) - 23:52, 13 November 2019
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- The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to applied science: Applied science – the branch of science that applies existing30 KB (3,465 words) - 08:31, 12 November 2019
- The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to transport: Transport or transportation – movement of people and goods from one13 KB (899 words) - 10:12, 20 September 2019
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Results from sister projects
- Cycle Industry (1921) by W. F. Grew 1445103The Cycle IndustryW. F. Grew1921 PITMAN'S COMMON COMMODITIES AND INDUSTRIES THE CYCLE INDUSTRY ITS ORIGIN
- are all the industries in existence today; they are increasingly characterized by intense competition. Blue oceans are all the industries not in existence
- president of Freedom Industries, and Farrell became a "top executive" . On Dec. 31, 2013, 10 days before the chemical spill, Freedom Industries was acquired
United States
Notes:
- ^ Although Hulu is now fully controlled by Disney after Comcast relinquished its control, Comcast still owned 33% stakes of Hulu as a silent partner with their agreement for Disney to purchase the ownership stakes of Comcast in Hulu by 2024.[16]
International
- Social media are computer-mediated tools that allow people, companies and other organizations to create, share, or exchange information, career interests
- Cohen v. Cowles Media Company by Byron White Syllabus 664115Cohen v. Cowles Media Company — SyllabusByron White Court Documents Opinion of the Court Dissenting
- Control is something that media companies desire the most. They are even leery about the release on the web. Adobe Media Player users will be able download
A media conglomerate, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, theme parks, or the Internet. According to the magazine The Nation, "Media conglomerates strive for policies that facilitate their control of the markets around the world."[1]
Contents
Terminology
A conglomerate is a large company composed of a number of smaller companies (subsidiaries) engaged in generally unrelated businesses.
Starting in 2007, it has been questioned[2] if media companies actually are related.[vague] Some media conglomerates use their access in multiple areas to share various kinds of content such as: news, video and music, between users. The media sector's tendency to consolidate has caused formerly diversified companies to appear less diverse[to whom?] in comparison with similar companies[clarification needed]. Therefore, the term media group may also be applied, however, it has not yet replaced the more traditional term.[3]
Examples by country
In the 2018 Forbes Global 2000 list, Comcast was America's largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue, with The Walt Disney Company, AT&T, CBS Corporation and Viacom (both are controlled by National Amusements through supervoting shares) completing the top five.[4][5]
In 1984, fifty independent media companies owned the majority of media interests within the United States. As of 2019, 90% of the United States's media is controlled by five media conglomerates: Comcast (via NBCUniversal), Disney, Viacom & CBS (both controlled by National Amusements), and AT&T (via WarnerMedia).[6][7]
Between 1941 and 1975, several laws that restricted channel ownership within radio and television were enacted in order to maintain unbiased and diverse media. However under the Reagan administration, Congress and the Federal Communications Commission, then led by FCC Chairman Mark S. Fowler, began a concerted deregulation over the years 1981 and 1985. The number of television stations a single entity can own increased from seven to 12 stations.
The industry continued to deregulate with enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. Signed by President Bill Clinton on February 8, 1996, it was considered by the FCC to be the "first major overhaul of telecommunications law in almost 62 years".[8] In the radio industry, the 40-station ownership cap was lifted, leading to an unprecedented amount of consolidation. Since this period, Clear Channel Communications grew from 40 stations to 1200 stations, in all 50 states, while Viacom grew to owning 180 stations across 41 markets.
As media consolidation grew, some in the nation began to speculate how it might negatively impact society at large. In the case of Minot, North Dakota,[9] the concerns regarding media consolidation is realized. On January 18, 2002, a train containing hazardous chemicals derailed in the middle of the night, exposing countless Minot residents to toxic waste. Upon trying to get out an emergency broadcast, the Minot police were unable to reach anyone. They were instead forwarded to the same automated message, as all the broadcast stations in Minot were single-handedly owned by Clear Channel Communications. As the FCC reviews media ownership rules, broadcasters continued to petition it for the elimination of all rules, while those who are against this easing would often cite the incident in Minot as how consolidation could be harmful.
Between the years 2002 and 2006, the conglomerates expanded. In 2005, top companies Verizon and MCI Inc. received approval to combine, while SBC acquired AT&T Corporation, respectively, giving the nation's premier communication company a global reach unmatched by any other.
Like the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand[10] also experience the concentration of multiple media enterprises in a few companies. This concentration is an ongoing concern for the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, the Australian Communications and Media Authority, the Philippine National Telecommunications Commission, and New Zealand's Broadcasting Standards Authority. Other countries that have large media conglomerates with impacts on the world include: Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, China, and Brazil. Media conglomerates outside of the United States include Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings, ProSiebanSat.1, Hubert Burda Meda, Fuji Media Holdings, ITV, Mediaset, Axel Springer, JCDecaux, China Central Television, ABS-CBN Corporation, GMA Network, Inc., Asahi Shimbun Company, Grupo Globo, Baidu, and Bertelsmann.[11]
United States
Criticism
Main article: Concentration of media ownership
Critics have accused the large media conglomerates of dominating the media and using unfair practices. During a protest in November 2007, critics such as Jesse Jackson spoke out against the consolidation of media. This can be seen in the news industry, where corporations refuse to publicize information that would be harmful to their interests. Because some corporations do not publish any material that criticizes them or their interests, media conglomerates have been criticized for limiting free speech or not protecting free speech. These practices are also suspected of contributing to the merging of entertainment and news (sensationalism) at the expense of the coverage of serious issues. They are also accused of being a leading force behind the standardization of culture (see globalization, Americanization) and are frequently criticized by groups that perceive news organizations as being biased toward, special interests of the owners.
Because these conglomerates have so much power and influence, critics[who?] bring up the question of whether that amount of power is justifiable. It can and is easily abused. Some[who?] wonder if it's better to lessen the, amount of conglomerates to reduce the likeliness of unfair practices.
There is also criticism[weasel words] that the concentration of media ownership reduces diversity in both ownership and programming of TV shows and radio programs. Because there are fewer independent media, there is less diversity in news and entertainment[ambiguous] and therefore less competition. This can result in the reduction of different points of view as well as vocalization about different issues. There is also a lack of ethnic and gender diversity as a majority of those in media[where?] are white, middle-class men. There is a concern that their views are being shared disproportionately more than other groups, such as women and ethnic minorities[which?]. Women and minorities also have less ownership of the media. Women have less than 7 percent of TV and radio licenses, and minorities have around 7 percent of radio licenses and 3 percent of TV licenses. ]
See also
References
- ^ Moglen, Eben, Michael Pertschuck, and Scott Sherman, (1999). "Editorials" (Nation, 269: 18). p. 12. ISSN 0027-8378
- ^ Jump up to:a b "Critics Turn Out To Protest Media Consolidation". The Washington Post and Times-Herald. 2007-11-01. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
- ^ "A distinction between Business Groups and Conglomerates:The Limited Liability Effect". SSRN Electronic Journal 01/2009; DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.134299. 2009-01-01. Archived from the original on 2016-02-16. Retrieved 2016-02-16.
- ^ "The World's Biggest Public Companies". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- ^ Finke, Nikki (April 16, 2013). "21st Century Fox Is Rupert Murdoch's Renamed Entertainment Giant "To Take Us Into Future"". Deadline Hollywood.
- ^ Lutz, Ashley. "These 6 Corporations Control 90% of the Media in America". Business Insider. Retrieved 27 October2017.
- ^ "Timeline". Moyers on America. PBS. Retrieved 27 October2017.
- ^ "Telecommunications Act of 1986". Federal Communications Commission. FCC. Retrieved 27 October2017.
- ^ Fisher, Marc. "Sounds Familiar for a Reason". The Washington Post. The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 October2017.
- ^ Hope, Wayne; Myllylahti, Merja. "Financialisation of Media Ownership in New Zealand". New Zealand Sociology. 28 (3).
- ^ O'Reilly, Lara. "The 30 Biggest Media Companies in the World". Business Insider.
- ^ "Holdings by Industry". AccessIndustries.com. Access Industries. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
- ^ Hipes, Patrick (18 April 2017). "Len Blavatnik's Access Acquires RatPac Entertainment Stake". Deadline.
- ^ "Amedia | Access Industries".
- ^ "Blavatnik Increases Stake in RGE Media Group". Haaretz. 30 April 2010.
- ^ Sherman, Lauren Feiner,Christine Wang,Alex (2019-05-14). "Disney to take full control over Hulu, Comcast has option to sell its stake in 5 years". CNBC. Retrieved 2019-08-11.
- ^ Williams, Christopher (20 August 2016). "Blavatnik's Perform Group rebuffs tech investors to build 'Netflix for sport'". The Telegraph.
- ^ "Perform | Access Industries".
- ^ "NBCUniversal's Competitors, Revenue, Number of Employees, Funding and Acquisitions". owler.com. Retrieved 2019-03-29.
- ^ "Disney's Competitors, Revenue, Number of Employees, Funding and Acquisitions". owler.com. Retrieved 2019-03-29.
- ^ "Viacom's Competitors, Revenue, Number of Employees, Funding and Acquisitions". owler.com. Retrieved 2019-03-29.
- ^ "CBS's Competitors, Revenue, Number of Employees, Funding and Acquisitionswebsite=owler.com". Retrieved 2019-03-29.
- ^ "Warner Media's Competitors, Revenue, Number of Employees, Funding and Acquisitions". owler.com. Retrieved 2019-03-29.
- ^ Discovery, Inc. 2018 10-K (PDF) (Report). p. 39.
- ^ "Hasbro's Competitors, Revenue, Number of Employees, Funding and Acquisitions". owler.com. Retrieved 2019-09-02.
- ^ "Sony Pictures's Competitors, Revenue, Number of Employees, Funding and Acquisitions". owler.com. Retrieved 2019-03-29.
- ^ "Sony/ATV's Competitors, Revenue, Number of Employees, Funding and Acquisitions". owler.com. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
- ^ "Sony Music's Competitors, Revenue, Number of Employees, Funding and Acquisitions". owler.com. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
- ^ "Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. (TV)". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
- ^ "The BCCL empire—towering over the competition". www.thehoot.org/. Retrieved 2018-07-27.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Stoll, Mary Lyn (June 2006). "Infotainment and the Moral Obligations of the Multimedia Conglomerate". Journal of Business Ethics. 66 (2–3).
- ^ Kenix, Linda Jean. "Independent Websites Not So Different from Group-Owned". Newspaper Research Journal. 35 (2).
- ^ Shah, Anup. "Media Conglomerates, Mergers, Concentration of Ownership". Global Issues.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gamson, Joshua; Latteier, Pearl. "Do media monsters devour diversity?". 3 (3).
- ^ "Diversity in Media Ownership". Free Press. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
History of industry
General industrial concepts
- Air pollution
- Big Business
- Colin Clark's Sector Model
- Cultural industry
- Culture industry
- Economy of scale
- Externality
- Global Industry Classification Standard
- Industrial action
- Industrial Age
- Industrial and organizational psychology
- Industrial applicability
- Industrial archaeology
- Industrial coating
- Industrial data processing
- Industrial deconcentration
- Industrial democracy
- Industrial design
- Industrial design rights
- Industrial disasters
- Industrial district
- Industrial ecology
- Industrial engineering
- Industrial espionage
- Industrial gas
- Industrial injury
- Industrial minerals
- Industrial noise
- Industrial organization
- Industrial park
- Industrial policy
- Industrial process
- Industrial railway
- Industrial society
- Industrial sociology
- Industrial Production Index
- Industrial tribunal
- Industrial unionism
- Industrial unrest
- Industrial waste
- Industrialization
- Industrialist
- Industry analyst
- Industry Structure Model
- Industry trade group
- Leisure industry
- Market research
- Mass production
- Materials science
- Pricing
- Raw material
- Robber baron (industrialist)
- Science park
- Seven Wonders of the Industrial World
- Standard Industrial Classification
- Tooling
Industrial output
See also
References
- ^ "Industry | Define Industry at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
External links
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Wikimedia Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Resources from Wikiversity
Industry – refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy.[1]
Contents
- 1Essence of industry
- 2Industry sectors
- 3Major industries
- 4History of industry
- 5General industrial concepts
- 6Industrial output
- 7See also
- 8References
- 9External links
Essence of industry
Industry sectors
- Primary sector of industry (the raw materials industry)
- Secondary sector of industry (manufacturing and construction)
- Tertiary sector of industry (the "service industry")
- Quaternary sector of industry (intellectual services industry)
Major industries
1. Agriculture (see also Agribusiness)
The manufactiring industry compromises a wide variety of production of goods, ranging from low tech and low labour skills for the process. There are many areas that requires intense and stunning technology to be achieve; examples include aeronautics, electronics, pharmaceutical, robotics.
- Automotive industry
- Electronics industry
- Aerospace industry
- Chemical industry
- Industrial robot industry
- Defense industry
- Telecommunications industry
- Low to medium tech industry
- Pulp and paper industry
- Steel industry
- Shipbuilding industry
- Food industry
- Textile industry
- Mass media
- Financial services industry
- Insurance industry
- Health care industry
- Hospitality industry
- Information industry
- Software industry
- Entertainment industry
- Music industry
- Film industry
- Education industry
- Video game industry
- Transport industry
