10 scientific effects that happen when a man grows a beard Beards are in. The bearded look was once reserved for mountain men and lumberjacks, but just about anypme cam rock a beard these days. But wat dpes all this scruff mean for men's faces? Here are... As you've probably noticed by now, beards are in. These days, the scruffy look once reserved for mountain men, lumberjacks, and hippies can be seen everywhere from billboards to fashion runways to business conferences. Don't believe those occasional headlines proclaiming that the end of the bearded era is nigh: while fashion always moves in trends, beards aren't going anywhere, anytime soon. Ask anyone who has ever bearded up, and they'll tell you that life changes once you embrace your inner werewolf. People look at you differently. You feel different. As a whole, the impact that a beard has upon a person's life is way bigger than you might think, and to back that up, here are some scientific studies that have been done on beards — many of which, one would assume, may have been conducted by bearded men. Here's what happens when you grow a beard.

Nicholas Conley

Your beard is a skin cancer forcefield Sunburns suck. But similar to how the hair on your head protects your scalp from turning cherry red, beards provide the same level of defense for your chin, cheeks, and upper lip. So if you get burnt, and then shave, you might have a paler "beard shadow" left over, which would look pretty silly … but on the other hand, this also means that your beard protects you from skin cancer. Pretty swell, right? According to a study by researchers at the University of Queensland, having facial hair reduces your exposure ratios by about one-third, compared to a clean-shaven face, and the ultraviolet protection factor, or UPF, ranged from 2 to 21. For those who aren't science geeks, this means a beard protects you from about 90-95 percent of dangerous ultraviolet rays that would hit your face, thereby significantly lowering your risk of getting skin cancer on your face. Voila! Still, unless you're growing beards on your forehead, forearms, and neck, don't ditch the sunscreen.

Save time by ditching shave time Hey, you've only got a short time left on this Earth, and do you really want to spend 3,350 hours of it standing in front of a mirror, scraping sharp metal against your cheeks? Didn't think so. Lest you claim that this whole "3,350 hours" business was pulled out of thin air, that number actually comes from the New York Times, and it's a fair estimate for how long the average man spends shaving during his lifetime. No matter how hard, how often, or how aggressively you shave, your bristles will grow back a little every day. Now zoom in one all those little facial hairs and picture them as a forest of tree trunks: The perpetual act of chopping them down, day after day, seems like a lumberjack's endless existential nightmare. Strange visions aside, the fact is that kicking shaving to the curb will restore over 3,000 hours to your life, so you can finally take on that project you've been dreaming of. Or at the very least, you can watch some more TV.

You become more attractive Attraction is a matter of taste, and everyone likes different things. But when it comes to monitoring general trends, research shows that a good, healthy beard makes a guy seem more attractive right now to the majority of people surveyed. The New York Times cites a study conducted by the University of Queensland, where over 8,000 heterosexual women were asked about surveyed regarding men's attractiveness. Results varied, of course — for example, 5 o'clock shadows were seen as better one-night stand propositions, whereas men with fuller beards were assessed as better long-term partners — but on average, the majority of surveyed women preferred guys with some scruff. Another study surveyed gay men and found that they also gave higher ratings to men with a healthy amount of whiskers. If you mostly want to join the beard club to level up your romance game, science is on your side.

Guys who live in wintry climates always seem to sprout bushy beards, and that's because having that extra layer of insulation does exactly what you think it would. According to Anthony M. Rossi, a dermatologist interviewed by the Wall Street Journal, wintertime beards are essentially all-natural scarves. According to Popular Science, these hairy scarves keep the skin underneath 1 degree warmer than it is in unguarded areas, which might sound small but definitely makes a big difference. Some researchers have even proposed that the entire evolutionary purpose of the beard was to keep the face warm, though if this was the case, it makes you wonder why most women don't also have beards. Either way, if you ever decide to sign up for a seasonal job in Antarctica, or are simply terrified of making it through your next New England winter, it's probably time to grow out some thick whiskers.

Rough on the outside, silky smooth on the inside
Never judge a book by its cover. Beards might look all rough and rugged, but underneath their coarse surface is often a silky smooth baby face. This happens because having a beard actually protects the skin underneath from aging, according to the tabloid Metro, by blocking sun exposure, which results in fewer wrinkles, fewer liver spots, and so on. That's why when your Uncle Joe shaved his beard for the first time in 40 years, he looked even younger than you. Yeah, it was weird. Anyhow, the other factor keeping your bearded face so smooth is your sebaceous glands, which are always working to keep your skin oiled up and moisturized, according to Business Insider. People touch their face a lot, so you'd normally be rubbing this oil off pretty regularly, but not if you have a thick beard protecting your cheeks and thus preserving your skin's oils. So while having a beard might make you look older today, it'll make you look younger in the future.

The whole "poopy beards" scare of 2015 will not be forgotten anytime soon, but for those who missed it, that year saw headlines blow up about a so-called "study" claiming beards carried more fecal particles than a toilet bowl. Gross, right? Thankfully, Snopes points out that this "research" consisted of merely a couple guys giving some beard swaps to a lab, with one microbiologist's comments being taken wildly out of context. So don't worry, beardos: the whole thing was basically an attempt to slander beards, probably by some patchy-stubbled dudes with a bone to pick. Don't believe the haters: Beards aren't dripping with horribly infectious germs. (You do have to clean them regularly, of course.) In fact, the opposite is true. A study published by the Journal of Hospital Infection took samples from 408 male hospital workers, both with and without beards. It goes without saying that health care employees get exposed to some nasty viruses, but according to the Independent, it was found that clean-shaven faces were three times more likely to be carrying MRSA — yikes! — than hairy ones. This may be because shaving creates micro-abrasions in the skin, and these little cuts become perfect bacterial breeding zones. On the other hand, the study also found that beards might contain a type of bacteria-killing-bacteria which could potentially be developed into powerful new antibiotics. The future is bright and bearded.

Beards change people's opinions about you It goes without saying that growing a beard will change the way you look. However, similar to how dying your hair purple and yellow might raise a few eyebrows, having a beard also redefines people's impression of you. Is this good or bad? Depends on your outlook. According to Psychology Today, studies have shown that men with beards are generally regarded as more masculine, dominant, and socially mature. They are also usually regarded as more responsible, older, fatherly figures, at a glance. On the other hand, New Republic cited a 2012 study where men were photographed both bearded and clean-shaven, then told to make a range of expressions. When these photos were shown to other participants, the pictures of bearded "angry" expressions were rated as looking way more aggressive than the angry clean-shaven ones. If you think Marvel's Thanos was an intimidating dude in Infinity War, just wait until you see his bushy purple beard in Avengers 4

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So long, ingrown hairs! Having a beard or being clean-shaven isn't like flicking a light switch. If you possess the Y chromosome, then nature almost certainly wants you to have a beard, and getting rid of it requires frequent dalliances with a painfully sharp blade. The tragic result of this, according to GQ, is ingrown hairs, bumps, and skin irritation. So if you hate ingrown hairs, stop shaving, and they'll be a thing of the past. While most people who shave experience some degree of irritation, the frequency and severity of this problem depends on your skin and hair type (and also your shaving skill). As Vox points out, this is the problem with workplace beard bans, since they marginalize men who possess thicker, curlier types of facial hair. Dealing with ingrown hairs is bad enough, but for many men, frequent shaving can also cause permanent scarring, razor bumps, dark marks, and even infections.

The real reason why all Irish men's beards are red There's nothing that gives away a person's Irish heritage like a head of flaming red hair. For Irish guys, even if they're dark-haired or blond, they always have beards that are at least a little bit red. If you've ever wondered why, you're in luck. We can explain, but it's more complicated than you're probably expecting. We'll answer a few questions here, but let's start with a big one: how is it possible that Irish guys who don't have red hair still have reddish beards? Vice's Motherboard had the exact same burning desire for knowledge, so they got in touch with Erfocentrum, the Dutch national information center for genetics and all things hereditary. The center's Petra Haak-Bloem told it straight: everything your science teacher taught you about genetics was so simplified it was largely wrong, particularly when it comes to hair. Hair color isn't determined by a simple equation of dominant vs. recessive genes. It's what Haak-Bloem calls an "incomplete dominant hereditary trait." You don't just inherit one hair color gene each from mom and dad. You actually inherit all the possibilities that any of your ancestors ever had and then all those genes hash it out. While that might make some dads feel better about their mystery babies, it doesn't explain why red is so prevalent. Your hair coloring is all about your body's ability to produce different types of melanine. People with blonde, brunette, or black hair are producing different levels of eumelanine, while redheads produce something else entirely, called pheomelanine. Anyone who inherits two certain mutated genes ends up being a carrot top, but you can see the effects of your pheomelanine production even if you only get one mutated gene. Since that mutation isn't completely overridden by dominant traits, it shows up in red beards. (It can also give you reddish highlights in other places, but we're not here to get personal.) So it doesn't take much to end up with a bit of ginger in your beard, just a distant (or not-so-distant) ancestor who carried this pretty common gene mutation. Which brings us to another question: Ireland, what's up with all the redheads?

Eupedia has spent years collecting information on European genetics, even going as far back as prehistory and Neanderthals. They confirm that Ireland is, indeed, leading the way in the redhead population, and it isn't an unwarranted stereotype. (That whole "alcoholism" thing is unwarranted, though. According to the World Health Organization, Ireland doesn't even break the top 20.) According to Eupedia, up to 30 percent of the Irish population is redheaded, numbers followed by Scotland, Wales, and Cornwall. And there aren't just extra redheads in northern Europe — there are almost no redheads in southern Europe or the Mediterranean. It's such a drastic contrast that the 45th parallel can be thought of as a sort of redhead boundary, complete with "No redheads allowed" and "Gingers keep out" signs. Why? The Sun. Mediterranean peoples still carry the genes for red hair, but over the years those genes have been weeded out. Ask any Irish redhead if they tan or burn in the sun, and they'll probably say they burn just looking out the window on a sunny day. That's not an ideal skin tone for someone living in the Mediterranean, and over generations, fatal, sun-related skin cancers have greatly reduced the number of redheads south of the sunny 45th parallel to the point where they're pretty much extinct. On the other hand, that same skin tone is a benefit in northern countries where nights are long, weather is bad, and we're not even exaggerating about how dark and dismal it gets. Entire ancient cultures formed belief systems and festivals to remind the Sun it was going to have to come back. It was a very real fear: families even extinguished all their hearthfires and relit them from Samhain bonfires in hopes of sending the Sun a message: please come back. In the meantime, pale skin and red hair increased the amount of vitamin D early Celts could absorb during the long winters, in turn increasing the survival rate among redheads and multiplying their numbers. So, there you have it. Irish men have red beards because of complicated hair color genetics and because they live in an undeniably beautiful country that doesn't get much sun. Having pale skin and red hair is perhaps the strangest survival trait anyone has ever evolved in the history of forever.